You are given the root of a binary search tree (BST), where the values of exactly two nodes of the tree were swapped by mistake. Recover the tree without changing its structure.


Test Cases

Example 1:

Input: root = [1,3,null,null,2]
Output: [3,1,null,null,2]
Explanation: 3 cannot be a left child of 1 because 3 > 1. Swapping 1 and 3 makes the BST valid.

Example 2:

Input: root = [3,1,4,null,null,2]
Output: [2,1,4,null,null,3]
Explanation: 2 cannot be in the right subtree of 3 because 2 < 3. Swapping 2 and 3 makes the BST valid.

Solution

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    private TreeNode prev, first, second;
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        prev = null; first = null; second = null;
        inorder(root);
        int temp = first.val;
        first.val = second.val;
        second.val = temp;
    }

    private void inorder(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return;
        inorder(root.left);
        if (first == null && (prev == null || prev.val >= root.val)) {
            first = prev;
        }
        if (first != null && (prev.val >= root.val)) {
            second = root;
        }
        prev = root;
        inorder(root.right);
    }
}
Time Complexity: O(n)
Space Complexity: O(1)